Effects of air and water pollution Research Paper

Effects of air and water pollution - Research Paper Example As the world urbanization and industrialization occur at a rapid rate, so does environmental pollution involving air and water quality pollution occur. Large amounts of potentially harmful emissions from industries around the globe find their way in to the atmosphere every single day. Likewise, millions of tonnes of wastewaters containing potentially harmful pollutants find their way into water bodies and underground water aquifers. Several bodies have been initiated with the main aim of conserving environment. Some of these bodies in clued NEMA, Centre for Sustainable Development and others. In their efforts to conserve mainly air and water pollution, they have set by-laws in conjunction with countries’ municipalities to bid those involved (Reitze 13). Despite these continued endeavours, water and air pollutions increases each day. In fact, research shows that as technology changes, the pollution increases consequently increasing the effects (Hill 20). This paper discusses in depth the effects of air and water pollution to people resulting form environmental and technological changes. Poor air quality affects human health, damages crop and animal life, and degrades fragile ecosystems. The severity and impact depends on the quantity and concentration of pollutants, the duration of exposure and the susceptibility of the sensitive receptors. Inevitable is the impact of air pollution on human health. Never the less, equal attention is necessary for all other receptors that include the ecological and the built environments, besides human health. One of the generally recognized effects of air pollution is ill health and death. Although natural processes cause air pollution, manmade causes are the most prevalent and harmful causes (Gillespie 145). Manmade causes of air pollution include power generation activities, industrial production processes and the automobile activities. Tobacco smoking, combustion of solid fuels like wood, coal and charcoal, which house hold commonly use for cooking and warming houses are the leading causes of indoor air quality pollution (Reitze 45). Other sources of indoor air pollutants include paints, cleaning agents, detergents, pesticides, home appliances; furniture and air conditioning systems cause significant chemical and biological indoor air pollution. Combustion of fossil fuels is the leading source of air pollution, since it contains such pollutants like sulphur dioxide, fine particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone and volatile organic matter, all of which have profound adverse effects on humans (Chiras 52). Health effects of air pollution range from chronic effects to acute effects. Among these, are minor eye irritations, irritations on the upper respiratory system, chronic respiratory illnesses, lung cancer, heart problems and deaths resulting from suffocation and exposure to noxious gases in the air. Bronchitis in adults and acute respiratory problems resulting to chocking and su ffocation in children are common effects of air pollution (Gillespie 108). For people with pre-existing lung and heart conditions, air pollution is a major cause of worsening conditions. For instance, among the asthmatics, air pollution increases the frequency and severity of attack, and accounts for many deaths among people with heart conditions (Harrop 52). Overall, long-term and short-term exposure to air pollutants lead to reduced life expectancies and premature deaths. The impact of air pollution on humans depends on the concentration of the pollutant, its type, duration and concentration of exposure, and individual vulnerability to lethal exposures. Predisposing factors like poverty, age; both old age and infants, and pre-existing health complications put people in increased danger of poisoning and serious effects of air pollution. For instance, poor urban communities usually reside in poorly ventilated house congested in small slum sharks, and more likely to use dirty fossil and biomass fuels.

What Achieving a Degree Means to Me Essay Example for Free

What Achieving a Degree Means to Me Essay Hello my name is ______________ I am a twenty nine year old married mother of two. Ive been married for twelve years and I have an eight years old boy and a two years old girl. Since I was nineteen years old in the fall of 1991 Ive attempted to earn a college degree attending first Tarrant County Junior College and second Weatherford College stop and starting back again several times over the years trying to reach my goal. In the summer of 1995 when my oldest was two my husband and I moved our mobile home on to new land, which required my assistance helping out financially. I started working for a great company that I loved, Auto Rail Services of Texas they are an afflation of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway were I worked part time in the evenings doing data entry. Six months later I started working full time as the assistant office manager in charge of the day-to-day operations. I was sent to Tarrant County Junior College to gain a certificate in Microsoft Office applications. I continued to advance with in the company and enjoyed working there but in the July of 1998 the company suffered financially when Ford Motor Company moved there business to Union Pacific Railway, which caused downsizing in the company I was laid off. I contemplated going back to school after this but couldnt financially afford to stop working full time. The following October I became pregnant with our second child and after her birth my husband and I decided to downsize our financial situation so that I could remain home with the baby. When the child was seven months old I took a part time position in my aunts security company where I assisted in the office and was able to bring my child with me. Not long after my aunts company was forced to go out of business, which caused me to relay on unemployment compensation, threw Texas Workforce Commission there I was informed I could return to college and receive assistance with childcare. I began all the necessary proceedings for the program and was informed before I could actually get the assistance I would need to pass the TASP test a mandatory test required before you are eligible to receive a degree in the State of Texas. Having passed all but the math section of the test I decided I would take a preparatory tasp math class. The next six months I attended two such classes and in August of 2001 was successful in pass the math portion of the tasp. In June of that same year our home suffered water damage from a roof attempting to be put on but not finish before a storm hit water leaked in every where causing on the ceilings in the home to cave in. From June until September when were living in a hotel awaiting the finish of our home. Having so much going on at that time I decided not to attend college that fall. I am currently enrolled at Weatherford College 9 semester hours. Do the all the kayos this summer I was never able to update Texas Workforce Commission with my status and to ask for assistance with childcare. I had qualified for a seven hundred and fifty dollar federal Pell grant, which barely covered the costs and enrolled. I took a part time position as a tutor for Fort Worth Independent School District and I have received assistance from two family members with childcare on a temporary bases. Now that I have introduced myself and caught you up on my life history I would like to start telling you how strongly I feel and how important it is to me that I reach my goal of obtaining a college degree. I am going after a degree in the business field and I hope to eventually get a master degree as well. I know that people say that being a mother is a great accomplishment in itself. Dont get me wrong I too know it is, but sometimes is just not enough for some of us I just happen to be one of those some bodies. I love being a mom first and foremost but growing up as a young girl I always wanted and even thought that for sure I was gone be a great something or do something grand in life just what that was though I didnt quite know. Life some how takes you this way then that way and you sometimes end up off course as though you had a sail on our back a the wind was just drifting you around through life. Then some times being stubborn headed and getting way a head of yourself also contributes to blowing you way off course but you manage to grow in time and slowly start to see the way back on course but getting back on course isnt as easy as getting off course was. Even though it takes a slow, long and hard course back you get there you just stay strong, driven, and wanting it oh so bad. When the day finally comes that I do have my degree in hand and decided after all that maybe being a moms is grand enough I would at least have the self-satisfaction of know I did it I reached my ultimate goal and knowing the pleasures that come along with it such as independence, and knowledge gained. No longer needing to worry if anything ever happened would you be able to survive on your own, care for your children and maintain your lifestyle. How great it would feel to hang a plaque on the wall showing your accomplishment for all to see especially your children after all how could you expect them to accomplish such a task if you yourself never did. It has recently come to my attention the importance of just why I need this knowledge see I realized that one day my children would need my help with a school assignment and should be able to assist them. I need to be an example not to mention being able to keep up with current events around the world, the local economy as well as government issues such as politics. I say forget that I am not going threw life blind I want to always have at least one eye open at all times. That little voice that I use to hear inside of me telling me you are going to do something grand well shes getting louder and its time to listen. I know that over the course of my life I havent always made the right decision or took the right course or maybe even done some things a little backwards but I have always been able to see the light open up my eyes and see things for what they really are and find my way back around again. Some times it takes time, time to grow, to grow up, and to stop being so darn stubborn. Then it also takes just plan old school of hard nocks were you just plan have to live and learn for yourself. Ive lived and Ive learned knowledge is power and theres nothing you cant accomplish or learn once you try. Here is some things Ive learned over the years some even by mistake like getting married, buying your first home, land, a car, furniture, going to college and maintaining a fulltime job to support your household, doing your taxes, becoming a mother, attending college and being a mother, credit cards, mortgages, real estate taxes and insurance. Losing your credit, burial of a loved one after watching them die, to winning, to loosing, to finding new things out about yourself your crafty, creative, and resourceful, remodel your own home from tile, to drywall tape, bed, and texture, to cabinets and counters, to paint, you even learn over the years about the mechanics of cars these are just a few examples of where knowledge has got me so far. For me having a degree means accomplishment, independence, and knowledge. If it takes me the rest of my life to accomplish my goal of a degree I will no matter what obstacles come my way. I would just like to end by saying thank you for being out there trying to help people accomplish there goals and dreams and for making it a little easier to do so.

Question Of The American Political Culture Politics Essay

Question Of The American Political Culture Politics Essay The question on American political culture has been one of the most debated topic among scholars and policy makers in political, while there is an clear understanding on what might be the source of differences between United state and other western countries, it has been complicated to understand why Americans govern themselves the way they do. The purpose of this paper is to examine the origin of protest movement such as Tea Parties, Birthers and their involvement on domestic and foreign policies, by looking at individualism, patriotism, and political involvement. With more focus on what Richard R. Lau and Caroline Heldman called the role of self-interest and symbolic attitudes American political culture emphases on egalitarianism and individualism, there are belief that Americans specifically the elite champion the ideal of autonomy, more than in any other industrial society , for the elites in America they believe governments activities to be harmful and see individual achievement to be more American ( Wilson 1997, 483) According to Almond and Verba (1963) Political culture is defined as beliefs, the attitudes, and values which emphasize the function of a particular political system. Moreover, political culture is made up of cognitive, affective, and evaluative orientations towards the political system These include skills and knowledge about the operation of the political system, negative and positive emotional feelings towards it, and evaluative judgments about the system. Furthermore, Political culture is a unique and patterned form of political philosophy that consists of attitudes on how governmental, political, and economic life should be carried out (Almond and Verba, 1963). Political cultures create a framework for political change and are unique to nations, states, and other groups. A political culture differs from political ideology in that people can disagree on an ideology for example; what government should do, but still share a common political culture. This was demonstrated in US duri ng the health care debate when most republic disagree with Obama plan to provide health care coverage to lower income Americans, for them these are not the role of the federal government to run social services as big as that. Scholars in political science have come up with different methods that allows us to understand what type of political culture influences American politics, these include, individualism, pluralism, cooperative or competiveness, hierarchically or egalitarian, whether tradition or reason work as a justification (http://www.answers.com/topic/political-culture) Looking at individualism in America, Tocqueville describes individualism as a reflective and tranquil sentiment that disposes each citizen to cut himself off from the mass of his fellow men. (Turner, 2008) He argues that American individualists are blind to social structure; more precisely they are blind to the ways that social structure both enables and constrains personal freedom and well-being. This blindness allows individualists to deny both their indebtedness to society and their moral responsibility for structural injustice..( Brooks 2009). Tocqueville idea of individualism describes a pattern of public withdrawal, so long as government protects the property of individualists and allows them to pursue their private happiness; they will leave public affairs to other men and invest all of their energies in private projects. (Turner 2008) Moreover how individualism contributes to political culture in American politics is still a topic of Study, scholars like Fischer explains how Americas high economic inequality by Americas exceptionally is attributed to individualistic culture. One attributes the inequality and Americans passivity about it to structural or political forces. In his argument, fisher quotes Williams who suggested, The ultimate source of action, meaning, and responsibility is the individual rather than the group. We Americans hold individuals personally responsible for their crimes and do not exact revenge on their kin; we frown on nepotism; we find suicide attacks unfathomable. Such a culture describes the individual self as unique and asocial. (Fisher 2008, 364) For evidence that individualism plays a role in American politics, Williamss points to the emphasis in American law on individual rights Tocquevilles (1969: 506-508) argument that equality eventually generates an egoism such that Americans look after their own needs, they owe no man anything and hardly expect anything from anybodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Americans are likelier to attribute the outcome-say, a traffic accident-to individual will or traits, while Indians and Saudi Arabians more often attribute them to social demands. (Fischer 365). However there are disagreement among scholars how much individualistic are American compare to other western democratic countries, Fisher pointed to different survey demonstrating that American are not as much individualist as are Europeans, for him most American believe in church and group participation, as he pointed out And Americans were least likely to defend the individual against national interests; for example, they were among the lowest in endorsing the idea that the individuals should refuse to support their countries when the nation was in the wrong and to say they would be willing to leave the country for better conditions. With the above arguments one will wonder what exactly constitute American political culture. For Fischer what distinguishes American culture is not individualism but voluntarism. In contrast to societies based on corporate communities into which individuals are born and to which they are organically bound, American society defines groups-with the great exception of racial groups( Fischer 2008, 368) Moreover, Scholars have argued on how much power patriotism has in American political culture, and what role does it have in forming protests movements in America. Patriotism is known to be another tool used by scholars to understand and explain American political culture and the formation of different movements, according to Huddy and Khatib Patriotism items are commonly tinged with political ideology in the United States, resulting in greater apparent patriotism among political conservatives than liberals (Ruddy and Khatid 2007, 63). According to oxford dictionary, Patriotism is defined as the quality of being patriotic; vigorous support for ones country. Huddy and Khatid categorized four different type (scales) of patriotism, including, symbolic, national pride, uncritical, and constructive (Huddy and Khatid, 2007) Constructive patriotism is a complex form of patriotism, as a mixing of love of country with political efforts directed at a change in the status quo. In it addition th ere is another form of patriotism as stated by Huddy and Khatid as blind patriotism and it is known to contain the following reverse-worded item: For the most part, people who protest and demonstrate against U.S. policy are good, upstanding, intelligent people. (Huddy and Khatid 2007, 65) This seems theoretically similar to the following item from the constructive patriotism which believes that: If you love America, you should notice its problems and work to correct them. (Schatz, Staub, and Lavine 1999).as cited in Huddy and Khatid 2007, 65) National identity is extremely endorsed in the United States which might include the first three categories of patriotism; however, an expected positive link between national identity and political involvement stands in marked contrast to the predicted effects of other forms of patriotism. A strong national identity is expected to increase political involvement. Turner and colleagues self categorization theory, an offshoot of social identity theory, predicts that individuals with a strong group identity are most likely to conform to group norms (Turner et al. 1987; Terry, Hogg, and White 1999) as cited in (Ruddy and Khatid 2007, 65). Acts of civic participation are viewed by political theorists as central to national identity in democratic countries and constitute what is seen as normative behavior for a good citizen (Conover, Searing, and Crewe 2004) as cited in (Ruddy and Khatid 2007, 65) however this has been challenged in past 8 years on civic participation and political involvem ent as the number of voters in US history has been decreasing up to less than 60 percent of population are the one voting , some link low turnout to complex voting process/culture ( cultural or structural). (Brooks 2009) This question on political participation has been the center of discussion among scholars who study American political culture, as they look to how much power individual hold and how far away people believe the Government should be out of their private property. However, one should not limit his search of American political culture only patriotism and individual to explain how American governs themselves. For a fool list that we should look at include what Lipset argue to be American Exceptionalism values that consist of ; Liberty, Laisez-Faire, Equalitanasism , Populism, Idealism, Openness, and religiosity. (Brooks, 2009) To understand the origin of protest movement, we will need to go back to Huddy definition of Constructive patriotism as a complex, and mixing a love of country with political efforts directed at a change in the status quo. For Huddy and Khatid American patriots believe that a good citizen who love America should notice its problems and work to correct them, with that spirit, protest movements like the Tea parties, Birthers and even right-wing talk radio are formed, with the believe that they should help prevent problems in their country. Among the mentioned protest movements, the Tea Parties are known to be the most recent vocal group in America, and scholars have been studying these movements agendas from the time they gained the media attention. The Tea Party movement is known to have emerged in 2009 through a series of locally and nationally coordinated protests, and is more a conservative political movement,. In 2009 this movement had gatherings and meeting to demonstrate their o bjection to several Federal laws proposed by Obama administration, including the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Federal Reserve Transparency Act and health care reform bills (Seleny 2009). These and other protest movements demonstrate how patriotism and individualism strengthen what is known today as American political culture, in otherworld, these two complex concepts explains how American govern themselves, with higher believe in individual freedom of choice, less government interferences in people lives, and more the idea of being an American, the notion of patriotism and how it is related to the formation of protest movement as well as how is it linked to the idea of individualism. In short, to understand what is wrong with the way Americans govern themselves, and what is right about it? One should look at their political culture and believes, scholars have pointed to two main concept that were discussed above, they include, individualism and patriotism, these two concepts are known to be the main engine of what is known as American politics, they have been the main root of protest movement like the Tea Party and others movements that base their idea on freedom and equality of opportunity but much more in individualism and the sense of being an American which involves patriotism and love of their country.

William Goldings Animal Farm :: William Golding Animal Farm Essays

William Golding's Animal Farm On the first page of the book there is immediately a link to the adult world and the civilization that has been adapted there. There is a reference to the "Home Counties". This shows that already, the writer is telling the reader of the links that may be made throughout the book about the adult world and its comparisons to the life in the jungle. Societies operate in many different ways and there are many factors that influence this fact. In the book Golding tries to highlight what these factors are and how they cause disruption and peace within a society. By approaching this from different angles the reader is able to get a better outline of what Golding is trying to represent and can therefore fully appreciate the wonders of his writings. One of the angles that he approaches the way societies operate from is by using the leader as an example. Throughout the duration of the book there is a feeling of complete rivalry as the two main contenders 'fight' for the right to be the leader of all other boys on the island. Jack and Ralph are constantly attempting to better one anther but in ways that only they can fulfill. In the first chapter of the book the reader sees a very democratic system employed by the boys. This is to elect a leader and therefore a fair vote is counted. Despite this being the fairest possible way of concluding a leader Jack is not at all happy with the outcome. "and the freckles on Jack's face disappeared under a blush of mortification". This shows that Jack expected to be elected as the chief of the group. As Ralph could see that that Jack was upset by the outcome of this election he immediately offered Jack the control of the choir. In foresight this could be one of the worst things that was accidentally and un-intentionally done by Ralph. This is because there is an instantaneous division of the two groups, which later on destroy all form of civilization that has been built. From this initial decision to elect Ralph as the leader there is a bitter rivalry built up between him and Jack Merridew, leader of the choir/hunters. The main reason for this is Jack's jealousy overcoming him. He does not realize that his authority in the adult world does not necessarily transfer onto the island where normal rules do not apply and it is just a matter of survival. Because of this contention between Ralph and Jack matters start to become worse and the whole fiasco spirals out of

Parents Who Have a Severely Disabled Child Should Be Allowed to Euthanize Them Essay

Some people call it mercy killing, others call it murder. This is a tough question for every parent in the word who has severely disabled child that will never be able to recognize them or even understands who he or she is and why. This problem has occurred over decades and there is a lot of proof that those children are not able to live full lives and some of them are in constant pain. What’s more in some countries euthanasia is allowed (1). Only the improvement of medical treatment is the reason why those children are still alive (2) and this treatment is quite expensive so governmental funds are needed (3). A part of society believes that it is cruel to force severely ill people to live when in normal conditions they would die. Euthanasia is a painless death caused by a medical injection and it is allowed in Brazil, in some occasions in Canada and in some states in the USA. This choice has to be made by the person who wants to be euthanized. If the adult in care or child are not able to make that choice by themselves it automatically means that this procedure cannot be done. In these situations the question of giving rights to choose to another person always occurs. It is a conflict between law and ethics. It would be more ethical to end ones suffering, but the law says that every person has a right to choose and a right to live. Every child has a right to live a life without pain and some of those diseases are incredibly painful even if painkillers are used. So it would be more humane to euthanize the child. As always, if there is seriously ill child a lot of funding is needed. If the parent or guardian does not have money to cover the expenses the governmental funding is needed. Marc Spindelman, a law professor at Ohio State University and an expert in bioethics thinks that politicians starts to look God like, because a single state spends around 2,5 billion a year on severely ill children, yet this amount of money is not enough, so they have to decide who lives and who dies. According to data it costs around 103, 000 $ a year on infant with ventilator and around 100, 000 $ a year on a baby who is connected to feeding tubes (Extreme choices, The right to live or die(n. d.)). If that kind of a choice is given to government there is a question of why it is not given to parents, because they are the ones that will know better whether to continue fighting or to let the child rest in peace. The main reason why nowadays there are more disabled children than in the past is because of medical development. Severely disabled children in past in most cases could not reach adolescence, because of the fact that there was no special medical equipment that could help to keep those children alive, like there is now, for example, feeding tubes. That means that they can survive as long as they are in a hospital or as long as parents or the government have funds to pay medical bills. There is a law in Canada that allows parents to disconnect the feeding tubes, but that means that they will starve to death. That is the main reason why Annette Corriveau wants to euthanize her children Janete and Jeffery. They do not respond and they are not able to move, roll over or even move their hands. They are in vegetative condition for more than ten years and there is only a slight possibility that there will be a medication that might improve their condition. As Annette said in an interview, she thinks that euthanasia would be the best thing that can happen to them, because she would not like to live a life like that and she does not know anyone who would(). Also, some parents are wondering why they can decide to have an abortion during any stage of pregnancy, if a disease is detected, yet cannot give birth to make sure that the child is truly sick and then euthanize him or her. The fact is that despite modern medical equipment there is a slight chance that the doctor might be wrong and parents will kill an innocent and healthy child. If we would follow the law of nature, this kind of question would not even be considered and no one would have to make that kind of a choice. Because of today’s medical equipment we keep alive those who should be resting in peace and putting them through different painful operations and treatments just because of the society’s opinion that euthanasia is considered murder and because we think that living even in vegetative state is better than death. SOURCES: 1. Extreme choices, The right to live or die (n. d.) Retrieved from: http://www.enquirer.com/extremechoices/loc_extremeday2.html ; 2. Taking mercy (8 of March, 2012) Retrieved from: http://www.globalnews.ca/taking+mercy/6442597182/story.html

Human Cloning: Morally Wrong, Sinful, and Dangerous Essay

Sheep, cattle and further animals have now been replicated by the cloning method which is known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. The process is that an unfertilized egg has its nucleus removed or inactivated, and swapped with the nucleus from an animal’s body cell. This nucleus, enclosing the animal’s complete genetic code, is moved to interact through the egg, and a new embryo created that is genetically equal to the animal providing the body cell. (William, 2000) According to the scientists, the technique may be helpful for animal breeding and medical research, whereas the Catholic Church does not object, providing the norms in opposition to mistreating animals in research are respected. However the question still remains: is human cloning morally wrong, sinful, and dangerous? Cloning as a danger to Life Cloning possibly will appear like a new means to generate human life, not destroy it. However a closer look exposes its darker side. Animal trials show that any attempt to use human cloning for reproduction will have several sufferers. About over 90 percent of cloned embryos miscarry or are stillborn. The first successful cloned sheep Dolly was the sole survivor out of 277 attempts. Those hardly any who endure to birth have severe medical problems. Dolly, such as, developed early arthritis and lived only half a normal life period. In a nutshell, human reproductive cloning is a dangerous and immoral research on everyone. A lot of scientists are in opposition to reproductive cloning for these reasons; however still support cloning for research. However the major difference among the two is this: In reproductive cloning, the majority of the cloned humans will die at very young age; in cloning for research, all of them will die, since they will be intentionally killed as means to someone else’s idea of medical progress. The reality is that this killing might occur at a very early stage makes no difference, for our ethical tradition regards human life at each stage as justified admiration and safety. Cloning for study presents a new evil which not found even in the practice of abortion: creating new human lives exclusively in order to destroy them. This is the crucial reduction of human life to an object, to a product that has no worth but for the use someone else chooses for it. Pope John Paul II has underscored the grave evil of such researches, calling them atrocities that are unworthy of man. (Michael, 2001) Cloning and Human Dignity Human cloning is the last step along this course of depersonalized reproduction. It absorbs no gathering of male and female at all, actually, a child produced by this means has no mother or father in the normal sense, however only a pattern or model. Rather than openness to existence, it involves control over life, for a technician manufactures the new embryo in a laboratory, along with even controls his or her genetic makeup to be equal to that of somebody else. The method of cloning has the nature of a manufacturing process, suited to a product somewhat than a human kind. It dehumanizes in the act of generating. Human cloning would create a human being who deserves to be treated as our equal, but would do so in a way that undermines this equal dignity. It is not a worthy way for humans to bring other humans into the world. (Leon, 2002) Is cloning Sinful? Cloning encourages humans to treat their creations as less than themselves, as less than human. However it moreover tempts them to think of themselves as better than human, as gods with the power to produce life. So that, certainly, the first and supreme temptation presented to human beings, to Adam and Eve: â€Å"You will be like gods† (Gn 3:5). (Michael, 2001) If this seems an exaggeration, we have only to look at statements by cloning proponents. Cloning is an opening technology to efforts to persuade the human species, for 2 reasons. First, genetic engineering is such a hit-and-miss method that one should be able to copy one’s rare successes. Next, if scientists can make a new being who is accurately as same as another, they can purify their method to create that new being the same except for one or 2 superior traits, and then build on this. The human species itself would be the laboratory bench and the investigate animal for such experiments. Unfortunately, a lot of scientists became blind to the paradox in this magnificent scheme. When the true God creates people in His image and reproduction, He produces an infinite variety of people who reproduce special facets of His endless goodness. (John, 2000) When we simple humans attempt to do the same, we only replicate one narrow set of traits previously provided to us in the history? And when we attempt to get better on that inheritance, all we can apply are our own narrow, prejudiced and defective ideas of an enhanced human. By striking those biases on our issue, we would still treat them as objects we can manage and govern, still if we are trying to create a better product. These new powers for controlling the species are not a net increase of power for humankind; they are ways for a small number of imperfect humans to exercise control over a lot of other humans and the expectations of humankind. (Leon, 2002) To imagine we are prepared for such power above all humans is to commit the ultimate sin of arrogant satisfaction that the Greeks called hubris, the pride of grasping at what belongs only to gods. Although some sensible person can notice the destructiveness of such pride, Christians know especially that the road to human development is paved in its place by humble service to others. Jesus’ sacrifice blazed the right path for us long ago. From this point of view, human cloning and the attitude that accepts and uses it is offend to God. References William E. May, Huntington (2000) â€Å"Catholic Bioethics and the Gift of Human Life†, Ind. : Our Sunday Visitor Books John F. Kilner, et al. (eds. ), (2000) â€Å"Cutting-Edge Bioethics: A Christian Exploration of Technologies and Trends†. Grand Rapids, Mich. : Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub Michael C. Brannigan (ed. ), (2001) Ethical Issues in Human Cloning. New York: Seven Bridges Press Leon R. Kass, M. D (2002) â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics†, San Francisco: Encounter Books